Extreme weather takes its toll on rural communities, which feel the wrath of seasonal variances and the deep undercurrent of climate change too.
Pouring over history
Running the rapids
At this time of year, it’s popular to reflect on the year that has been and make resolutions for that which is to come. As 2010 was billed as the International Year of Biodiversity, how did we measure up? Biodiversity is hard to assess when you’ve described only 30,000 species of an estimated 80,000 native to your country, but we know that in the 800 years since human settlement began, 32 per cent of New Zealand’s indigenous land and freshwater birds have become extinct, along with 18 per cent of seabirds, at least 12 invertebrates and possibly 11 plants. Today, over 50 per cent of birds, bats and lizards are in rapid decline and 2788 species are threatened, due in part to the fact that less than 10 per cent of indigenous forest cover remains on coasts and lowlands. In short, we face the grim prospect that most of those 50,000 species still unknown to science will remain so extinct before we even describe them. It’s not that we’re not doing anything to stop the decline—in terms of preventing extinctions on a species level, DOC is probably leading the world. But most of that work takes place on offshore islands and we have yet to demonstrate that we can sustain it over large areas of the mainland. And though we can brag that 29 per cent of New Zealand’s land area is under legal protection and management for conservation purposes, DOC has the resources to intensively manage only three per cent of that area. In the marine environment the protection afforded is rather more meagre. As a signatory to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), in 1993 New Zealand (along with 191 other countries) committed itself to protecting 10 per cent of our exclusive economic zone. As we have the fourth-largest such zone in the world—an area greater than 4,000,000 sq km, 15 times our land area—we also have considerable international responsibility for its protection. To date, we have protected just 0.3 per cent of our EEZ, and 99 per cent of that small area is in two marine reserves around isolated offshore islands (the Kermadec and Auckland groups). The total area of marine reserves in the mainland territorial sea is less than that of our smallest national park. Given that as much as 80 per cent of New Zealand’s indigenous biodiversity is in our seas, it’s a very poor conservation record for a country with such a high conservation reputation. The problem is partly the size of the area in question, but also the difficulty in getting marine protected areas signed off. About the time New Zealand signed the CBD accord, Cantabrians rallied to apply for a small (530 ha) marine reserve at Akaroa, habitat for the threatened Hector’s dolphin and location of a unique undersea environment not protected elsewhere—only one tiny bay is afforded marine reserve status on the entire east coast of the South Island. The application languished for 14 years in government processes and survived six ministers of conservation and the Maori Land Court before being finally rejected out of hand in August because of fears it might have hindered recreational fishing, despite there being very little fishing in the harbour due to a profound lack of recreational fish species. If it takes so much effort for a community to apply for a marine reserve, only to have it dismissed so easily, what hope is there of protecting 10 per cent of the EEZ? My wish for the New Year is for political leadership to align with public will, and natural need.
Kiwi blighters
As we honour and mourn those lost in the Pike River tragedy, we also consider the future of underground coal mining in New Zealand.
A journey to Aotearoa
Some time in 1991, John Gully found himself chin-wagging with Ed Hillary in the Himalayan village of Phunki Tenga, while their Sherpas found better things to do.
Whittling whales
Tararua Forest Park, 2 days
Discovering New Zealand's tropical past.
The drive down the Waitaki Valley from Omarama is flanked by stark high-country scenery and merino runs, but it’s the artificial lakes of the Waitaki hydro scheme that dominate the landscape.
Stealthy weather
It is neither wealth nor splendour; but tranquility and occupation which give you happiness. —Thomas Jefferson
The mercenary missionary
Acrobatic flying is as much an expression of personality as of skill. Here, Wolfgang Wimmer delights in the G-forces associated with tumbles and spins.
Heads in the clouds
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